[
 {
  "date": "44 BCE",
  "label": "Caesar's wagon rule in Rome",
  "detail": "The Law of Caesar on Municipalities bans most wagons from Rome's streets from sunrise to the tenth hour, pushing deliveries into the night.",
  "source_url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/ancient/law_of_caesar.asp",
  "era": "Before 1900"
 },
 {
  "date": "c. 100 CE",
  "label": "Juvenal can't sleep",
  "detail": "Juvenal's third Satire complains that night carts make sleep in Rome impossible for all but the rich.",
  "source_url": "https://www.getty.edu/news/the-seven-plagues-of-the-ancient-roman-city-dweller/",
  "era": "Before 1900"
 },
 {
  "date": "1716-09-14",
  "label": "Boston Light first lit",
  "detail": "America's oldest light station; a fog cannon followed in 1719.",
  "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Light",
  "era": "Before 1900"
 },
 {
  "date": "1745",
  "label": "Old North Church's eight bells installed",
  "detail": "The treble is inscribed 1744; Paul Revere rang them from 1750 at about age 15.",
  "source_url": "https://oldnorth.com/blog/the-bells-at-old-north/",
  "era": "Before 1900"
 },
 {
  "date": "1814",
  "label": "Paul Revere recasts the King's Chapel bell",
  "detail": "His largest and last bell.",
  "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bells_in_Boston",
  "era": "Before 1900"
 },
 {
  "date": "1864",
  "label": "Babbage and Bass's Act",
  "detail": "Charles Babbage publishes his Chapter on Street Nuisances; Bass's Act on London street music passes the same year.",
  "source_url": "https://www.themarginalian.org/2012/11/28/discord-babbage-noise/",
  "era": "Before 1900"
 },
 {
  "date": "1897",
  "label": "Boylston and Park Street stations open",
  "detail": "Their tight curves cause today's Green Line wheel squeal.",
  "source_url": "https://www.wbur.org/news/2017/05/01/mbta-wheel-squeal",
  "era": "Before 1900"
 },
 {
  "date": "1905-11-23",
  "label": "Daboll fog trumpet enters service at Graves Light",
  "detail": "Replaced a bell buoy a Globe writer called 'weirdly mournful.'",
  "source_url": "https://www.lighthousefriends.com/light.asp?ID=483",
  "era": "1900-1945"
 },
 {
  "date": "1906",
  "label": "Society for the Suppression of Unnecessary Noise",
  "detail": "Julia Barnett Rice founds the society in New York, starting with tugboat whistles.",
  "source_url": "https://www.noiseoff.org/library/timeline",
  "era": "1900-1945"
 },
 {
  "date": "1907",
  "label": "Bennett Act",
  "detail": "The Bennett Act lets steamboat inspectors regulate whistle use.",
  "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Barnett_Rice",
  "era": "1900-1945"
 },
 {
  "date": "1919",
  "label": "\"Yuyake Koyake\" poem written",
  "detail": "Uko Nakamura's poem, later set to music, becomes a favorite tune for Japan's 5 p.m. disaster-speaker chime.",
  "source_url": "https://metropolisjapan.com/the-sounds-of-tokyo/",
  "era": "1900-1945"
 },
 {
  "date": "1929",
  "label": "New York's Noise Abatement Commission",
  "detail": "The commission begins measuring New York street noise in decibels.",
  "source_url": "https://www.noiseoff.org/library/timeline",
  "era": "1900-1945"
 },
 {
  "date": "1930",
  "label": "City Noise report",
  "detail": "The commission publishes City Noise, a 308-page illustrated report.",
  "source_url": "https://www.cityrealty.com/nyc/market-insight/features/future-nyc/muting-city-the-history-new-york039s-war-noise-listings-manhattan-brooklyn039s-quietest-neighborhoods/4084",
  "era": "1900-1945"
 },
 {
  "date": "1935",
  "label": "German siren standard origins",
  "detail": "A petitioner told the Bundestag that DIN 14610, the two-tone horn standard, dates from 1935.",
  "source_url": "https://epetitionen.bundestag.de/petitionen/_2022/_02/_21/Petition_131006.abschlussbegruendungpdf.pdf",
  "era": "1900-1945"
 },
 {
  "date": "1936",
  "label": "New York's first noise code",
  "detail": "New York City adopts its first comprehensive noise code.",
  "source_url": "https://www.noiseoff.org/library/timeline",
  "era": "1900-1945"
 },
 {
  "date": "1964",
  "label": "Niigata earthquake",
  "detail": "Prompts Japan's national bosai musen disaster-speaker system.",
  "source_url": "https://japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/04/16/reference/bosai-musen",
  "era": "1945-1980"
 },
 {
  "date": "1969",
  "label": "First FAA aircraft noise standards",
  "detail": "FAA sets the first noise standards for new civil subsonic jet designs.",
  "source_url": "https://noisequest.psu.edu/noisebasics-history.html",
  "era": "1945-1980"
 },
 {
  "date": "1969",
  "label": "The word 'soundscape'",
  "detail": "Michael Southworth's 'The sonic environment of cities' is the first scientific use of the word soundscape.",
  "source_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02514/full",
  "era": "1945-1980"
 },
 {
  "date": "1971-08",
  "label": "Keihan starts a departure melody",
  "detail": "One of the early Japanese railway departure melodies.",
  "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_melody",
  "era": "1945-1980"
 },
 {
  "date": "1972",
  "label": "Noise Control Act",
  "detail": "The US Noise Control Act directs EPA to regulate product, rail and truck noise; EPA creates ONAC.",
  "source_url": "https://nonoise.org/library/shapiro/shapiro.htm",
  "era": "1945-1980"
 },
 {
  "date": "1972",
  "label": "World Soundscape Project",
  "detail": "R. Murray Schafer begins the World Soundscape Project at Simon Fraser University with a study of Vancouver.",
  "source_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02514/full",
  "era": "1945-1980"
 },
 {
  "date": "1974",
  "label": "EPA sets hearing benchmark",
  "detail": "US EPA identifies 70 dBA over 24 hours as protective of hearing, and 55 dBA outdoors to avoid annoyance; not a regulation.",
  "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/bulletin/2016/noise.html",
  "era": "1945-1980"
 },
 {
  "date": "1974",
  "label": "UK Control of Pollution Act",
  "detail": "Gives councils construction-noise powers through section 60 notices and section 61 prior consent.",
  "source_url": "https://www.arun.gov.uk/section-61-of-the-control-of-pollution-act-1974",
  "era": "1945-1980"
 },
 {
  "date": "1975",
  "label": "Carmel-by-the-Sea bans leaf blowers",
  "detail": "The California town banned leaf blowers as a noise nuisance, among the first US places to do so.",
  "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_blower",
  "era": "1945-1980"
 },
 {
  "date": "1977",
  "label": "\"Stage\" names introduced",
  "detail": "FAA adopts stricter standards and the Stage names; conforming aircraft are called Stage 3.",
  "source_url": "https://noisequest.psu.edu/noisebasics-history.html",
  "era": "1945-1980"
 },
 {
  "date": "1978",
  "label": "Beverly Hills bans leaf blowers",
  "detail": "Beverly Hills, California followed Carmel with its own noise-nuisance ban.",
  "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_blower",
  "era": "1945-1980"
 },
 {
  "date": "1978",
  "label": "Federal truck noise limit",
  "detail": "New trucks must emit less than 80 dBA at 50 ft on a drive-by.",
  "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/mdot/mlrc/docs/technical/JakeBrakeIssues.pdf",
  "era": "1945-1980"
 },
 {
  "date": "1979",
  "label": "NRR labels required",
  "detail": "EPA requires Noise Reduction Rating labels on US hearing protectors.",
  "source_url": "https://canadianaudiologist.ca/hearing-protection-attenuation-feature/",
  "era": "1945-1980"
 },
 {
  "date": "1981",
  "label": "ONAC defunded",
  "detail": "OMB moves to end ONAC's funding and Congress goes along; EPA noise staff fall from 175 to zero, and the office is gone by 1982.",
  "source_url": "https://nonoise.org/library/shapiro/shapiro.htm",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "1981",
  "label": "Congress defunds EPA's noise office",
  "detail": "Congress agrees to cease funding ONAC; EPA stops nearly all noise work and day-to-day control falls to cities.",
  "source_url": "https://www.acus.gov:443/sites/default/files/documents/92-6.pdf",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "1982",
  "label": "Green Line resilient wheel test",
  "detail": "US DOT test finds a light rail vehicle on resilient wheels about 10 dB quieter in-car than a solid-wheel PCC car on the MBTA Green Line.",
  "source_url": "https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/9796",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "1984",
  "label": "PB/5 crossing button designed",
  "detail": "Australian push button with locator chirp, tick-tock and kapow.",
  "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PB/5_pedestrian_crossing_button",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "1985",
  "label": "Massport residential sound insulation program begins",
  "detail": "More than 11,000 homes insulated since, FAA-funded.",
  "source_url": "http://winthroptranscript.com/2022/09/15/noise-insulation-to-come-to-winthrop/",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "1985",
  "label": "NIOSH measures an ambulance siren",
  "detail": "122 dBA at 10 ft and 98-105 dBA at 100 ft outside the vehicle.",
  "source_url": "https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/172943",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "1985-01-01",
  "label": "Stage 1 big jets banned",
  "detail": "Stage 1 aircraft over 75,000 lb phased out of US operation.",
  "source_url": "https://noisequest.psu.edu/noisebasics-history.html",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "1986",
  "label": "Motorcycle limit tightens to 80 dBA",
  "detail": "EPA noise limit for new street motorcycles drops from 83 dBA (1983) to 80 dBA for model year 1986 and later.",
  "source_url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/40/205.166",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "1989-03-11",
  "label": "JR East melodies at Shinjuku and Shibuya",
  "detail": "Departure melodies replace bells at two of Tokyo's busiest stations.",
  "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_melody",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "1990",
  "label": "MassDEP Noise Policy issued",
  "detail": "Sets the 10 dBA-over-ambient and pure tone tests under 310 CMR 7.10.",
  "source_url": "https://www.bdlaw.com/publications/massdep-seeks-comment-on-revisions-to-longstanding-noise-policy/",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "1992-06-19",
  "label": "ACUS: repeal or fund",
  "detail": "The Administrative Conference of the United States tells Congress to repeal the Noise Control Act or fund it.",
  "source_url": "https://www.acus.gov:443/sites/default/files/documents/92-6.pdf",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "1993",
  "label": "Heathrow quota count begins",
  "detail": "Heathrow starts its points-based night quota system.",
  "source_url": "https://www.heathrow.com/company/local-community/noise/operations/night-flights",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "1995",
  "label": "Sydney Airport Curfew Act",
  "detail": "Federal law fixes an 11 pm-6 am curfew at Sydney Airport.",
  "source_url": "https://avlaw.com.au/sydney-airport-operational-efficiency/",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "1995",
  "label": "UK Pop Code published",
  "detail": "The Noise Council publishes its Code of Practice on Environmental Noise Control at Concerts.",
  "source_url": "https://cirrusresearch.com/?p=62242",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "1997",
  "label": "Car alarms and theft",
  "detail": "A Highway Loss Data Institute analysis of 73 million vehicles finds no overall reduction in theft losses for alarm-equipped cars (as cited by Transportation Alternatives).",
  "source_url": "https://www.gwern.net/doc/technology/2003-friedman.pdf",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "1998",
  "label": "NIOSH backs 3 dB rule",
  "detail": "NIOSH criteria recommend 85 dBA with a 3 dB exchange rate.",
  "source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/otm/section-3-health-hazards/chapter-5",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "1999-04-01",
  "label": "Japan's noise standards take effect",
  "detail": "National Environmental Quality Standards for Noise, issued September 30, 1998, set day and night targets by area type.",
  "source_url": "https://www.env.go.jp/en/air/noise/noise.html",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "1999-12-31",
  "label": "Stage 3 deadline for big jets",
  "detail": "Under the Airport Noise and Capacity Act of 1990, US jets over 75,000 lb must meet Stage 3.",
  "source_url": "https://noisequest.psu.edu/noisebasics-history.html",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "2000",
  "label": "Big Dig construction noise program published",
  "detail": "Erich Thalheimer's paper on the Central Artery/Tunnel noise program; its data later underpinned the FHWA RCNM.",
  "source_url": "https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ENVIRONMENT/noise/construction_noise/handbook/handbook11.cfm",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "2002",
  "label": "EU Environmental Noise Directive",
  "detail": "Directive 2002/49/EC is published on 18 July, requiring noise maps and action plans every five years.",
  "source_url": "https://ieep.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/10.2_Assessment_and_management_of_noise_-_final.pdf",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "2003",
  "label": "Great tits sing higher in Leiden",
  "detail": "Slabbekoorn and Peet report in Nature that great tits in noisier Leiden territories sing at a higher minimum pitch.",
  "source_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/424267a",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "2003-04",
  "label": "Arizona quiet pavement pilot",
  "detail": "Arizona DOT starts its Quiet Pavement Pilot Program with FHWA and Volpe.",
  "source_url": "https://dot.ca.gov/-/media/dot-media/programs/research-innovation-system-information/documents/preliminary-investigations/caltrans-pi-quieter-pavement-a11y.pdf",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "2004",
  "label": "OSHA accepts white-noise backup alarms",
  "detail": "A May 27 interpretation letter said reverse alarms need not be single-tone; broadband alarms can comply.",
  "source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/standardinterpretations/2004-05-27-0",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "2004",
  "label": "Berlin nightingales sing louder",
  "detail": "Brumm publishes recordings from 2001-2002 showing nightingales in noisier territories sing louder.",
  "source_url": "https://spacedaily.com/m-berlins-nightingales-turn-up-their-volume-as-traffic-noise-rises-researchers-found-males-in-noisier-territories-sang-louder-with-rush-hour-birds-even-singing-louder-on-weekday-morn/",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "2005",
  "label": "FRA train horn rule takes effect",
  "detail": "Sets horn levels of 96-110 dB and creates quiet zones.",
  "source_url": "https://railroads.fra.dot.gov/sites/fra.dot.gov/files/2019-11/FRA%20Train%20Horn%20and%20Quiet%20Zone%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "2005",
  "label": "RANCH study",
  "detail": "The Lancet publishes RANCH, linking aircraft noise at schools to poorer reading in children.",
  "source_url": "https://rivm.openrepository.com/items/ad01a3d7-9c81-481d-a1a4-ddee643a7474",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "2005-07-05",
  "label": "Stage 4 for new designs",
  "detail": "Stage 4 (ICAO Chapter 4) applies to new aircraft designs submitted from this date.",
  "source_url": "https://noisequest.psu.edu/noisebasics-history.html",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "2006-10",
  "label": "NYC subway noise survey",
  "detail": "Gershon et al. record a 106 dBA platform peak; more than 1 in 10 platform readings above 100 dBA.",
  "source_url": "https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/10/061012185519.htm",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "2007",
  "label": "Urban robins sing at night",
  "detail": "Fuller, Warren and Gaston find daytime noise predicts night singing in urban robins better than light does.",
  "source_url": "https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/access/item%3A3134959/download",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "2007",
  "label": "Rumbler tested by NYPD",
  "detail": "Federal Signal's low-frequency siren add-on is tested as an intersection clearing device.",
  "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumbler_siren",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "2007-07-01",
  "label": "New York City's new Noise Code takes effect",
  "detail": "Local Law 113 of 2005 replaces the 1972 code with dBA, dBC and octave-band limits and construction mitigation plans.",
  "source_url": "https://nonoise.org/regulation/ordinance/New York, New York.pdf",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "2009-10-15",
  "label": "WHO night noise guidelines",
  "detail": "WHO Europe sets 40 dB Lnight outside as the night target, with a 55 dB interim target.",
  "source_url": "https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i/item/9789289041737",
  "era": "1980-2010"
 },
 {
  "date": "2011",
  "label": "Windsor Hum reports begin",
  "detail": "Residents of Windsor, Ontario began reporting a low hum around this year.",
  "source_url": "https://www.rcinet.ca/en/2014/05/23/windsor-hum-discovered-cross-border-cooperation-needed-now",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2011-10",
  "label": "Frankfurt night ban",
  "detail": "Hesse court bans Frankfurt night flights 23:00-05:00; upheld in Leipzig in April 2012.",
  "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_flying_restrictions",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2012-10",
  "label": "SAE J1849 stabilized",
  "detail": "The US recommended practice for emergency vehicle siren testing.",
  "source_url": "https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/J1849_201210",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2014",
  "label": "ISO 12913-1 defines soundscape",
  "detail": "The ISO standard defines soundscape as the acoustic environment as perceived by people, in context.",
  "source_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02514/full",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2014",
  "label": "RNAV procedures concentrate Logan Runway 33L departures",
  "detail": "Departures concentrate over north and west Cambridge.",
  "source_url": "https://www.cambridgema.gov/CDD/Transportation/regionalplanning/logannoisestudy",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2014",
  "label": "Data center arrives in Chandler, Arizona",
  "detail": "Residents of Brittany Heights later complained of a nighttime hum after a data center arrived in late 2014.",
  "source_url": "https://www.eesi.org/articles/view/communities-are-raising-noise-pollution-concernsabout-data-centers",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2014-04-09",
  "label": "NIOSH tests phone sound apps",
  "detail": "Only three apps come within 2 dBA of a reference meter; Android results vary widely by device.",
  "source_url": "https://cdc.gov/niosh/bulletin/2014/sound-app.html",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2014-08-04",
  "label": "Victoria adopts agent of change",
  "detail": "Victoria's Live Music Action Agenda puts the onus on the party changing the status quo.",
  "source_url": "https://kellehers.com.au/latest-news/live-music-reforms-the-agent-of-change/",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2014-09-18",
  "label": "Phoenix RNAV routes start",
  "detail": "New Sky Harbor departure routes bring more complaints in two weeks than the prior year.",
  "source_url": "https://media.cadc.uscourts.gov/opinions/docs/2017/08/15-1158-1690499.pdf",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2014-09-29",
  "label": "142.2 dBA stadium record",
  "detail": "Kansas City Chiefs fans set the Guinness record for loudest stadium crowd roar at Arrowhead Stadium.",
  "source_url": "https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/loudest-crowd-roar-at-a-sports-stadium",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2015-05-12",
  "label": "San Francisco Ordinance 70-15",
  "detail": "San Francisco passes an agent-of-change law protecting permitted venues from noise complaints by newer neighbors.",
  "source_url": "https://sfbos.org/ftp/uploadedfiles/bdsupvrs/ordinances15/o0070-15.pdf",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2016",
  "label": "London's first Night Czar",
  "detail": "Amy Lamé is appointed London's first Night Czar.",
  "source_url": "https://fr.ra.co/news.aspx?id=38962",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2016-10-07",
  "label": "FAA and Massport launch overflight noise study",
  "detail": "MIT helps identify study areas around Logan.",
  "source_url": "https://willbrownsberger.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/MPAFAA-10-7-16-2.pdf",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2017",
  "label": "First US national noise map",
  "detail": "BTS releases the National Transportation Noise Map on March 21, modeling aviation and Interstate noise.",
  "source_url": "https://www.bts.gov/newsroom/bts-releases-national-transportation-noise-map",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2017-02-10",
  "label": "CDC Vital Signs on hearing",
  "detail": "CDC finds about one in four US adults aged 20 to 69 show signs of noise damage.",
  "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6605e3.htm",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2017-03-21",
  "label": "US National Transportation Noise Map",
  "detail": "The Bureau of Transportation Statistics releases its first national map of aviation and Interstate noise.",
  "source_url": "https://www.bts.gov/newsroom/bts-releases-national-transportation-noise-map",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2017-05",
  "label": "Boylston curve in the news",
  "detail": "WBUR reports the MBTA has 13 greaser units on the Green Line and is testing graphite flange-stick lubricators.",
  "source_url": "https://www.wbur.org/news/2017/05/01/mbta-wheel-squeal",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2017-08-07",
  "label": "France caps concert sound",
  "detail": "Decree 2017-1244 caps amplified sound at 102 dB(A) and 118 dB(C), each over 15 minutes.",
  "source_url": "https://www.banquedesterritoires.fr/les-lieux-de-musiques-amplifiees-et-les-festivals-vont-devoir-baisser-dun-ton",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2017-08-29",
  "label": "Phoenix wins in court",
  "detail": "D.C. Circuit vacates the FAA's Phoenix route approval as arbitrary and capricious.",
  "source_url": "https://media.cadc.uscourts.gov/opinions/docs/2017/08/15-1158-1690499.pdf",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2018",
  "label": "WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines",
  "detail": "WHO Europe publishes source-specific guidelines; aircraft gets the strictest values (45 dB Lden, 40 dB Lnight).",
  "source_url": "https://www.wbm.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/WBM-WHO-2018-Summary-Nov-2018.pdf",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2018",
  "label": "England adds agent of change to planning policy",
  "detail": "The revised National Planning Policy Framework includes the agent of change principle.",
  "source_url": "https://shoosmiths.com/insights/articles/nppf-the-agent-of-change-principle-14454",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2019",
  "label": "BU Community Noise Lab launches",
  "detail": "Introduces the NoiseScore app.",
  "source_url": "https://dailyfreepress.com/blog/2019/11/20/community-noise-lab-launches-to-research-noise-pollution/",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2019",
  "label": "WHO-ITU H.870",
  "detail": "Voluntary safe listening standard for personal audio devices.",
  "source_url": "https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/health-topics/deafness-and-hearing-loss/standard-summary-make-listening-safe.pdf?sfvrsn=fc114686_14",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2019-10-01",
  "label": "Toronto's new noise bylaw in force",
  "detail": "Chapter 591 sets amplified-sound limits in both dBA and dBC at the point of reception.",
  "source_url": "https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/municode/1184_591.pdf",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2020",
  "label": "Zug Island scaled back; Windsor Hum fades",
  "detail": "U.S. Steel scaled back Zug Island from April 1; by July a lead researcher said he had not heard the hum for almost a year.",
  "source_url": "https://sootoday.com/ontario-news/infamous-windsor-hum-finally-dies-down-after-us-steel-idles-zug-island-plant-2595164",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2020",
  "label": "Lockdown quiets the planet",
  "detail": "Seismometers record up to 50% less high-frequency ground noise during COVID-19 lockdowns.",
  "source_url": "https://www.usgs.gov/publications/global-quieting-high-frequency-seismic-noise-due-covid-19-pandemic-lockdown-measures",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2020-02",
  "label": "Mumbai punishing signal",
  "detail": "Decibel meters reset the red light when honking tops 85 dB.",
  "source_url": "https://www.thequint.com/amp/story/news/india/mumbai-police-punishing-signal-video-honking",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2020-03-10",
  "label": "Maryland case dismissed",
  "detail": "D.C. Circuit dismisses Maryland's DCA flight path challenge as untimely.",
  "source_url": "https://elr.info/litigation/50/8/maryland-v-federal-aviation-administration",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2020-09-01",
  "label": "FMVSS 141 full compliance",
  "detail": "All new US hybrids and EVs must make a warning sound at low speed.",
  "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2018-02-26/html/2018-03721.htm",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2021",
  "label": "Curved RNP approach to Logan Runway 33L implemented",
  "detail": "Same year, most CAC communities vote against an MIT 33L departure proposal.",
  "source_url": "https://alumcommunity.mit.edu/news/877862",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2021",
  "label": "California passes AB 1346",
  "detail": "The law halts sale of most new small off-road gas engines, including blowers and mowers, by 2024.",
  "source_url": "https://sierraclub.org/sierra/california-bill-takes-aim-scourge-gas-powered-leaf-blowers",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2021",
  "label": "Final Windsor Hum report released",
  "detail": "The July report named Zug Island's blast furnaces as the likely source.",
  "source_url": "https://www.am800cklw.com/news/final-windsor-hum-report-released-1.15567914.html",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2021-01-13",
  "label": "FAA survey results released",
  "detail": "Neighborhood Environmental Survey shows 60-71% highly annoyed at DNL 65.",
  "source_url": "https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/policy_guidance/noise/survey",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2021-06",
  "label": "NYC noise camera pilot",
  "detail": "NYC DEP begins piloting noise cameras triggered at 85 decibels from at least 50 feet.",
  "source_url": "https://www.ilovetheupperwestside.com/material/media/2023/08/Noise-Camera-Expansion_Brewer.pdf",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2021-07-01",
  "label": "EU AVAS on all new EVs",
  "detail": "Acoustic warning systems required on all new electric and hybrid vehicles in the EU.",
  "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2014/540/article/8",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2021-10",
  "label": "California AB 1346",
  "detail": "Phases out sales of most new small gas engines, including leaf blowers, from 2024.",
  "source_url": "https://sierraclub.org/sierra/california-bill-takes-aim-scourge-gas-powered-leaf-blowers",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2022",
  "label": "WHO venue standard",
  "detail": "WHO global standard for safe listening venues caps levels at 100 dB LAeq over 15 minutes.",
  "source_url": "https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/health-topics/deafness-and-hearing-loss/mls_whd_infographic.pdf?sfvrsn=93a7a1ef_5",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2022",
  "label": "Misophonia consensus",
  "detail": "An expert panel publishes the first consensus definition of misophonia.",
  "source_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.841816/text",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2022",
  "label": "Global tinnitus estimate",
  "detail": "JAMA Neurology meta-analysis puts adult tinnitus prevalence at 14.4%.",
  "source_url": "https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/global-prevalence-and-incidence-of-tinnitus-a-systematic-review-a",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2022",
  "label": "Washington, DC gas blower ban takes effect",
  "detail": "The District's ban on gas-powered leaf blowers took effect January 1.",
  "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_blower",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2022-01-01",
  "label": "Washington, DC gas leaf blower ban",
  "detail": "The District's 2018 law barring gas-powered leaf blowers takes effect.",
  "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_blower",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2022-01-04",
  "label": "France noise radar trial",
  "detail": "Legal trial of the Hydre noise radar begins under the 2019 mobility law.",
  "source_url": "https://www.bruitparif.fr/pages/Bandeau%20haut/800%20Presse/2022-01-05%20CP%20Prototype%20de%20radar%20sonore%20de%20Bruitparif.pdf",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2022-03",
  "label": "WHO safe listening standard",
  "detail": "WHO releases its voluntary Global standard for safe listening venues and events, with a 100 dB LAeq,15min limit.",
  "source_url": "https://www.prosoundweb.com/?p=171351",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2022-09-19",
  "label": "California SB 1079 signed",
  "detail": "Requires the CHP to evaluate sound-activated enforcement devices.",
  "source_url": "https://www.chp.ca.gov/siteassets/forms/programs--services/sb-1079-2025-report-on-sound-activated-enforcement-devices.pdf",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2022-10-18",
  "label": "UK noise camera trial starts",
  "detail": "DfT roadside trial in four areas, funded at 300,000 pounds.",
  "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/noise-camera-technology-roadside-trial",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2023",
  "label": "Chandler data center noise ordinance",
  "detail": "Per the Prince William Times, a January ordinance required a noise liaison and a pre-construction baseline.",
  "source_url": "https://www.princewilliamtimes.com/news/some-cities-suffering-from-data-center-noise-turn-to-tough-limits/article_2aa7fb8c-b6aa-11ed-8626-5738aae2f76c.html",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2023-02-22",
  "label": "Boston names a nightlife director",
  "detail": "Corean Reynolds becomes Boston's first Director of Nightlife Economy.",
  "source_url": "https://www.wbur.org/news/2023/02/22/wu-appoint-bostons-first-director-of-nightlife-economy",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2023-04",
  "label": "Minneapolis allows all five calls to prayer",
  "detail": "Minneapolis removes time limits that blocked amplified dawn and late-evening calls to prayer.",
  "source_url": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/minneapolis-becomes-first-major-u-s-city-to-broadcast-islamic-call-to-prayer-5-times-per-day",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2023-05-01",
  "label": "Noise Policy Review opens",
  "detail": "FAA asks for comment on DNL and the 65 DNL threshold; 4,857 comments received.",
  "source_url": "https://www.faa.gov/noisepolicyreview",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2023-12",
  "label": "Stop Spreading the Noise Act",
  "detail": "NYC Council allows noise cameras in all five boroughs.",
  "source_url": "https://www.chp.ca.gov/siteassets/forms/programs--services/sb-1079-2025-report-on-sound-activated-enforcement-devices.pdf",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2024",
  "label": "Virginia JLARC data center review",
  "detail": "Found nearly one-third of Virginia data centers within 200 feet of residentially zoned property.",
  "source_url": "https://www.eesi.org/articles/view/communities-are-raising-noise-pollution-concernsabout-data-centers",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2024",
  "label": "Cicada dual brood",
  "detail": "Broods XIII and XIX emerge together for the first time in 221 years.",
  "source_url": "https://audiology.org/?p=94377",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2024-02-07",
  "label": "Toronto lowers night limits",
  "detail": "Council cuts indoor night amplified-sound limits to 42 dBA and 57 dBC and allows property-line measurement.",
  "source_url": "https://www.toronto.ca/news/toronto-city-council-listens-to-public-and-adopts-noise-bylaw-updates",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2024-03-14",
  "label": "Germany closes wail-and-yelp petition",
  "detail": "Yelp allowed only as a police and customs stop signal; the two-tone horn stays the only warning tone.",
  "source_url": "https://epetitionen.bundestag.de/petitionen/_2022/_02/_21/Petition_131006.abschlussbegruendungpdf.pdf",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2024-03-17",
  "label": "UK trial reports published",
  "detail": "1,777 activations, 4% attributed to excessively noisy vehicles.",
  "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/noise-camera-technology-roadside-trial",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2025",
  "label": "Cambridge, Massachusetts bans gas blowers",
  "detail": "Boston's neighbor banned gas leaf blowers, according to Wikipedia.",
  "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_blower",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2025-01",
  "label": "CHP noise camera report",
  "detail": "CHP does not recommend the devices as a standalone basis for citations.",
  "source_url": "https://www.chp.ca.gov/siteassets/forms/programs--services/sb-1079-2025-report-on-sound-activated-enforcement-devices.pdf",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2025-02",
  "label": "JR East to phase out local melodies",
  "detail": "Platform melodies to give way to standard melodies played from trains.",
  "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_melody",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2025-04-24",
  "label": "NYC helicopter bill passes",
  "detail": "City Council passes Intro 26-A limiting non-essential flights at two Manhattan heliports from 2029.",
  "source_url": "https://ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/politics/2025/04/24/city-council-passes-bill-cracking-down-on-helicopter-noise",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2025-06-24",
  "label": "EEA noise report",
  "detail": "EEA estimates 73,000 premature deaths a year in Europe from transport noise.",
  "source_url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/environmental-noise-in-europe-2025",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2026-03-02",
  "label": "MassDEP proposes noise policy revisions",
  "detail": "Including a 40 dBA presumption of acceptability; comments closed April 30, 2026.",
  "source_url": "https://www.bdlaw.com/publications/massdep-seeks-comment-on-revisions-to-longstanding-noise-policy/",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2026-07",
  "label": "Court rules EPA neglected the Noise Control Act",
  "detail": "A federal judge finds EPA unlawfully neglected its duties under the 1972 Act; remedies are left to later proceedings.",
  "source_url": "https://ground.news/article/federal-judge-epa-cant-ignore-noise-pollution-providence-noise-project",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2026-07-02",
  "label": "Supersonic overland rule proposed",
  "detail": "FAA proposes allowing overland supersonic flight with surface booms at or below 0.11 psf.",
  "source_url": "https://www.dlapiper.com/en-us/insights/publications/2026/07/proposed-faa-rule-would-allow-civil-supersonic-flight",
  "era": "2010-now"
 },
 {
  "date": "2026-07-22",
  "label": "Boston City Council files noise enforcement hearing order",
  "detail": "Nine councilors ask for complaint, response-time and citation data; a resolution followed July 24.",
  "source_url": "https://www.boston.gov/sites/default/files/file/2026/09/Noise%20Control%20Hearing%20Order.pdf",
  "era": "2010-now"
 }
]