[
 {
  "title": "FAA Noise Policy Review",
  "url": "https://www.faa.gov/noisepolicyreview",
  "type": "official",
  "topic": "aircraft",
  "why": "Current status of the FAA's review of DNL and the 65 DNL threshold."
 },
 {
  "title": "FAA Neighborhood Environmental Survey",
  "url": "https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/policy_guidance/noise/survey",
  "type": "official",
  "topic": "aircraft",
  "why": "The national survey whose 2021 results reopened the 65 DNL debate."
 },
 {
  "title": "Port of Seattle Part 150 Study Primer",
  "url": "https://www.portseattle.org/sites/default/files/2022-12/Part%20150%20Study%20Primer.pdf",
  "type": "explainer",
  "topic": "aircraft",
  "why": "Plain-language guide to how Part 150 noise studies and sound insulation work."
 },
 {
  "title": "FAA: Noise Levels, Stages and Phaseouts",
  "url": "https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/apl/noise_emissions/airport_aircraft_noise_issues/levels",
  "type": "official",
  "topic": "aircraft",
  "why": "Official summary of aircraft certification stages and phaseout dates."
 },
 {
  "title": "Penn State NoiseQuest: History of aircraft noise rules",
  "url": "https://noisequest.psu.edu/noisebasics-history.html",
  "type": "explainer",
  "topic": "aircraft",
  "why": "Short history of US aircraft noise standards from 1969 on."
 },
 {
  "title": "Heathrow: Night flights",
  "url": "https://www.heathrow.com/company/local-community/noise/operations/night-flights",
  "type": "official",
  "topic": "aircraft",
  "why": "How a big airport's night quota system works, in numbers."
 },
 {
  "title": "PANYNJ WebTrak",
  "url": "https://aircraftnoise.panynj.gov/webtrak/",
  "type": "tool",
  "topic": "aircraft",
  "why": "Replay flights and file complaints for JFK, LaGuardia, Newark, Teterboro and Stewart."
 },
 {
  "title": "City of Cambridge: Logan Noise Study",
  "url": "https://www.cambridgema.gov/CDD/Transportation/regionalplanning/logannoisestudy",
  "type": "local",
  "topic": "aircraft",
  "why": "Logan Runway 33L history and Massport complaint contacts."
 },
 {
  "title": "FAA supersonic overland flight proposed rule (2026)",
  "url": "https://www.faa.gov/newsroom/ARM-260115-001_Supersonic_NPRM_06-10-26.pdf",
  "type": "official",
  "topic": "aircraft",
  "why": "The 0.11 psf proposal that would end the overland supersonic ban."
 },
 {
  "title": "City of Phoenix v. Huerta (2017)",
  "url": "https://media.cadc.uscourts.gov/opinions/docs/2017/08/15-1158-1690499.pdf",
  "type": "court",
  "topic": "aircraft",
  "why": "The court decision that vacated FAA NextGen routes in Phoenix."
 },
 {
  "title": "FAA: Fundamentals of Noise and Sound",
  "url": "https://www.faa.gov/noise/aviation_noise/fundamentals_of_noise",
  "type": "Agency explainer",
  "topic": "basics",
  "why": "Clear definitions of Leq, Lmax, SEL and DNL with worked aviation examples."
 },
 {
  "title": "FHWA: Highway Traffic Noise - Noise Fundamentals",
  "url": "https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environMent/noise/regulations_and_guidance/polguide/polguide02.cfm",
  "type": "Agency explainer",
  "topic": "basics",
  "why": "The plainest official account of decibel math and how traffic noise falls off with distance."
 },
 {
  "title": "FHWA: Noise Barrier Design Handbook",
  "url": "https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/Environment/noise/noise_barriers/design_construction/design/design03.cfm",
  "type": "Agency handbook",
  "topic": "basics",
  "why": "Point vs line sources, adding decibels and what barriers can and cannot do."
 },
 {
  "title": "Kardous and Shaw (2014): Evaluation of smartphone sound measurement apps",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4659422",
  "type": "Peer-reviewed study",
  "topic": "basics",
  "why": "The NIOSH study behind most claims about phone app accuracy."
 },
 {
  "title": "BTS National Transportation Noise Map",
  "url": "https://www.bts.gov/newsroom/bts-releases-national-transportation-noise-map",
  "type": "Map / data",
  "topic": "basics",
  "why": "The US national model of aviation and highway noise."
 },
 {
  "title": "Shapiro (1991): The Dormant Noise Control Act",
  "url": "https://nonoise.org/library/shapiro/shapiro.htm",
  "type": "Government report",
  "topic": "history",
  "why": "The detailed account of what the 1972 Act did and how ONAC lost its funding."
 },
 {
  "title": "SFU: World Soundscape Project",
  "url": "https://www.sfu.ca/sonic-studio/worldsoundscaperoject.html",
  "type": "Archive",
  "topic": "history",
  "why": "The home of Schafer's project and its recordings and publications."
 },
 {
  "title": "Axelsson, Guastavino and Payne (2019): Soundscape Assessment",
  "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02514/full",
  "type": "Peer-reviewed editorial",
  "topic": "history",
  "why": "A short, citable history of the soundscape idea through ISO 12913."
 },
 {
  "title": "Avalon Project: Law of Caesar on Municipalities",
  "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/ancient/law_of_caesar.asp",
  "type": "Primary source",
  "topic": "history",
  "why": "The Roman wagon rule in translation."
 },
 {
  "title": "Noise in Boston (APCC)",
  "url": "https://www.boston.gov/departments/environment/air-pollution-control-commission/noise-boston",
  "type": "government",
  "topic": "boston",
  "why": "Official limits, construction hours and who to call for each kind of noise."
 },
 {
  "title": "APCC Regulations for the Control of Noise",
  "url": "https://www.cityofboston.gov/Images_Documents/noise_reg_tcm3-13127.pdf",
  "type": "regulation",
  "topic": "boston",
  "why": "The full zoning, octave-band and construction limit tables."
 },
 {
  "title": "MIT: New flight procedures at Boston Logan",
  "url": "https://alumcommunity.mit.edu/news/877862",
  "type": "research",
  "topic": "boston",
  "why": "What the six-year overflight study produced and its estimated effects."
 },
 {
  "title": "Big Dig Section 721.560 spec",
  "url": "https://nonoise.org/resource/construc/bigdig.htm",
  "type": "specification",
  "topic": "boston",
  "why": "A detailed model construction noise specification, still cited."
 },
 {
  "title": "FHWA Roadway Construction Noise Model",
  "url": "https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ENVIRonment/noise/construction_noise/rcnm/rcnm01.cfm",
  "type": "tool",
  "topic": "boston",
  "why": "Construction noise prediction built on Big Dig data."
 },
 {
  "title": "FRA Train Horn and Quiet Zone Fact Sheet",
  "url": "https://railroads.fra.dot.gov/sites/fra.dot.gov/files/2019-11/FRA%20Train%20Horn%20and%20Quiet%20Zone%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf",
  "type": "government",
  "topic": "boston",
  "why": "Federal horn levels, timing and quiet zone requirements."
 },
 {
  "title": "Beveridge & Diamond on the 2026 MassDEP noise policy revision",
  "url": "https://www.bdlaw.com/publications/massdep-seeks-comment-on-revisions-to-longstanding-noise-policy/",
  "type": "analysis",
  "topic": "boston",
  "why": "Plain summary of the 10 dBA rule and the proposed changes."
 },
 {
  "title": "Brookline leaf blower rules",
  "url": "https://www.brooklinema.gov/954/Leaf-Blower-Information",
  "type": "government",
  "topic": "boston",
  "why": "Seasons, hours, decibel cap and fines."
 },
 {
  "title": "The Bells at Old North",
  "url": "https://oldnorth.com/blog/the-bells-at-old-north/",
  "type": "history",
  "topic": "boston",
  "why": "When and how America's oldest ring of bells is rung."
 },
 {
  "title": "NIOSH: Understand Noise Exposure",
  "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/noise/prevent/understand.html",
  "type": "agency guide",
  "topic": "health",
  "why": "The US health-based workplace limit and exchange rate explained."
 },
 {
  "title": "OSHA noise rule, 29 CFR 1910.95",
  "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-29/subtitle-B/chapter-XVII/part-1910/subpart-G/section-1910.95",
  "type": "regulation",
  "topic": "health",
  "why": "The legal US workplace table, action level and NRR derating method."
 },
 {
  "title": "NIDCD: Noise-Induced Hearing Loss",
  "url": "https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/noise-induced-hearing-loss",
  "type": "agency guide",
  "topic": "health",
  "why": "Plain-language overview of noise damage, tinnitus and prevention."
 },
 {
  "title": "NIDCD Noisy Planet: How Loud Is Too Loud?",
  "url": "https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/publications/how-loud-is-too-loud",
  "type": "agency guide",
  "topic": "health",
  "why": "Consumer guide to how long common loud sounds take to cause damage."
 },
 {
  "title": "NIDCD: Hearing Protectors",
  "url": "https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing-protectors",
  "type": "agency guide",
  "topic": "health",
  "why": "How to choose and fit earplugs and earmuffs."
 },
 {
  "title": "CDC MMWR Vital Signs: Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Among Adults",
  "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6605e3.htm",
  "type": "report",
  "topic": "health",
  "why": "The 2017 national estimate of noise damage among US adults."
 },
 {
  "title": "EEA: Environmental noise in Europe 2025",
  "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/environmental-noise-in-europe-2025",
  "type": "report",
  "topic": "health",
  "why": "Europe's latest exposure counts and health burden estimates."
 },
 {
  "title": "WHO Europe: Night noise guidelines for Europe",
  "url": "https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i/item/9789289041737",
  "type": "guideline",
  "topic": "health",
  "why": "WHO's night target and interim target."
 },
 {
  "title": "WHO: Global standard for safe listening venues and events",
  "url": "https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/health-topics/deafness-and-hearing-loss/mls_whd_infographic.pdf?sfvrsn=93a7a1ef_5",
  "type": "standard",
  "topic": "health",
  "why": "The six features of WHO's 2022 venue standard."
 },
 {
  "title": "Franks: Hearing protection attenuation",
  "url": "https://canadianaudiologist.ca/hearing-protection-attenuation-feature/",
  "type": "explainer",
  "topic": "health",
  "why": "Why NRR labels overstate real-world protection and how agencies derate them."
 },
 {
  "title": "FHWA Construction Noise Handbook, Table 9.1",
  "url": "https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/Environment/noise/construction_noise/handbook/handbook09.cfm",
  "type": "government",
  "topic": "construction",
  "why": "The standard US table of construction equipment noise levels, traced to the Big Dig specs."
 },
 {
  "title": "OSHA interpretation on white-noise backup alarms (2004)",
  "url": "https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/standardinterpretations/2004-05-27-0",
  "type": "government",
  "topic": "construction",
  "why": "OSHA's own words on why a backup alarm does not have to beep."
 },
 {
  "title": "Fine Homebuilding: The science behind electric vs. gas leaf blowers",
  "url": "https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2025/02/24/the-science-behind-electric-vs-gas-leaf-blowers",
  "type": "article",
  "topic": "construction",
  "why": "Measured gas and electric blower levels at 50 feet and indoors, plus the state of local rules."
 },
 {
  "title": "Scarsdale gas leaf blower report (2020)",
  "url": "https://scarsdale.gov/DocumentCenter/View/6644/Gas-Leaf-Report-to-Village-Board---Dec-2020",
  "type": "government",
  "topic": "construction",
  "why": "A village report summarizing the Arup study on how far gas blowers carry."
 },
 {
  "title": "EPFL Graph Search: Mains hum",
  "url": "https://graphsearch.epfl.ch/concept/2227992",
  "type": "reference",
  "topic": "hums",
  "why": "A compact explanation of why hum sits at 100 or 120 Hz."
 },
 {
  "title": "EESI: Communities raising noise concerns about data centers",
  "url": "https://www.eesi.org/articles/view/communities-are-raising-noise-pollution-concernsabout-data-centers",
  "type": "article",
  "topic": "hums",
  "why": "The 2026 overview of data center noise sources, measurement problems and local fights."
 },
 {
  "title": "Prince William Times: Cities turn to tough data center noise limits",
  "url": "https://www.princewilliamtimes.com/news/some-cities-suffering-from-data-center-noise-turn-to-tough-limits/article_2aa7fb8c-b6aa-11ed-8626-5738aae2f76c.html",
  "type": "news",
  "topic": "hums",
  "why": "Compares local data center noise rules in Virginia, New York and Arizona."
 },
 {
  "title": "AM800: Final Windsor Hum report released",
  "url": "https://www.am800cklw.com/news/final-windsor-hum-report-released-1.15567914.html",
  "type": "news",
  "topic": "hums",
  "why": "The researchers' conclusions on the Windsor Hum and its likely source."
 },
 {
  "title": "WHO: safe listening standard at the Serendipity Arts Festival",
  "url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/who-hearing-guidelines-implemented-at-major-arts-festival",
  "type": "case study",
  "topic": "nightlife",
  "why": "How the six WHO features worked at a real 9-day festival."
 },
 {
  "title": "AAO-HNS position statement on noise at music venues",
  "url": "https://www.entnet.org/resource/mitigation-of-noise-induced-hearing-loss-at-music-venues/",
  "type": "guidance",
  "topic": "nightlife",
  "why": "US surgeons' 2026 recommended limits, including peaks and children's events."
 },
 {
  "title": "Kanton Zug guide to Swiss event sound rules",
  "url": "https://zg.ch/en/gesundheit/gesund-bleiben/informationen-fuer-veranstaltende/schall-und-laser",
  "type": "official guide",
  "topic": "nightlife",
  "why": "Plain-language breakdown of Switzerland's tiered limits and duties."
 },
 {
  "title": "San Francisco Ordinance 70-15",
  "url": "https://sfbos.org/ftp/uploadedfiles/bdsupvrs/ordinances15/o0070-15.pdf",
  "type": "law",
  "topic": "nightlife",
  "why": "The full text of a US agent-of-change ordinance."
 },
 {
  "title": "UK Pop Code (Jersey reproduction)",
  "url": "https://WWW.GOV.JE/SiteCollectionDocuments/Leisure%20and%20entertainment/ID%20Code%20of%20Practice%20on%20Environmental%20Noise%2020110517%20RWJ.pdf",
  "type": "code of practice",
  "topic": "nightlife",
  "why": "Concert noise limits at neighbors' homes and the 23:00 rule."
 },
 {
  "title": "Slabbekoorn & Peet 2003, Nature",
  "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/424267a",
  "type": "study",
  "topic": "nature",
  "why": "The study that showed city great tits singing higher."
 },
 {
  "title": "Lecocq et al. 2020 (USGS listing)",
  "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/publications/global-quieting-high-frequency-seismic-noise-due-covid-19-pandemic-lockdown-measures",
  "type": "study",
  "topic": "nature",
  "why": "The global seismic quieting during 2020 lockdowns."
 },
 {
  "title": "Aletta et al. 2020, London lockdown soundscape",
  "url": "https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10108100/",
  "type": "study",
  "topic": "nature",
  "why": "Street-level sound changes at 11 London sites."
 },
 {
  "title": "URBACT: Limerick's Hush City approach",
  "url": "https://urbact.eu/articles/escape-city-noise-limericks-hush-city-approach",
  "type": "article",
  "topic": "nature",
  "why": "How a city used citizen mapping to find and protect quiet areas."
 },
 {
  "title": "NYC Noise Code fact sheet (DEP)",
  "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/assets/dep/downloads/pdf/environment/education/nyc-noise-code-fact-sheet.pdf",
  "type": "official guide",
  "topic": "rules",
  "why": "A one-page plain-language summary of New York City's main noise rules."
 },
 {
  "title": "New York City Local Law 113 of 2005, full text",
  "url": "https://nonoise.org/regulation/ordinance/New York, New York.pdf",
  "type": "law text",
  "topic": "rules",
  "why": "The actual decibel limits, construction hours and mitigation-plan rules behind the 2007 Noise Code."
 },
 {
  "title": "Noise nuisances: how councils deal with complaints (GOV.UK)",
  "url": "https://www.gov.uk/noise-nuisances-how-councils-deal-with-complaints",
  "type": "official guide",
  "topic": "rules",
  "why": "How statutory nuisance and the Noise Act night limits work in England and Wales."
 },
 {
  "title": "Toronto Municipal Code Chapter 591, Noise",
  "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/municode/1184_591.pdf",
  "type": "law text",
  "topic": "rules",
  "why": "A modern bylaw with both dBA and dBC limits and clear point-of-reception rules."
 },
 {
  "title": "Japan Environmental Quality Standards for Noise",
  "url": "https://www.env.go.jp/en/air/noise/noise.html",
  "type": "official standard",
  "topic": "rules",
  "why": "Japan's national day and night targets by area type, in English."
 },
 {
  "title": "ACUS Recommendation 92-6",
  "url": "https://www.acus.gov:443/sites/default/files/documents/92-6.pdf",
  "type": "report",
  "topic": "rules",
  "why": "The federal government's own account of why the Noise Control Act went dormant."
 },
 {
  "title": "EEA Noise Portal: noise policy",
  "url": "https://noiseportaleionet.eea.europa.eu/noise-policy",
  "type": "official guide",
  "topic": "quiet",
  "why": "What the EU Environmental Noise Directive requires and where strategic noise maps come from."
 },
 {
  "title": "Rules for noise in Boston (City of Boston)",
  "url": "https://www.boston.gov/departments/environment/air-pollution-control-commission/rules-noise-boston",
  "type": "official guide",
  "topic": "quiet",
  "why": "Which Boston office handles which kind of noise complaint."
 },
 {
  "title": "NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation HETA-84-493-1583: ambulance siren noise (1985)",
  "url": "https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/172943",
  "type": "report",
  "topic": "sirens",
  "why": "The measured source for siren levels outside and inside an ambulance."
 },
 {
  "title": "Bundestag Petition 131006 closing statement (German)",
  "url": "https://epetitionen.bundestag.de/petitionen/_2022/_02/_21/Petition_131006.abschlussbegruendungpdf.pdf",
  "type": "government document",
  "topic": "sirens",
  "why": "Why Germany kept the two-tone horn and allowed yelp only as a stop signal."
 },
 {
  "title": "The Japan Times: bosai musen, the 5 p.m. chime",
  "url": "https://japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/04/16/reference/bosai-musen",
  "type": "article",
  "topic": "sirens",
  "why": "How Japan's daily disaster-speaker test works."
 },
 {
  "title": "Transportation Alternatives: Alarmingly Useless (2003)",
  "url": "https://www.gwern.net/doc/technology/2003-friedman.pdf",
  "type": "report",
  "topic": "sirens",
  "why": "The advocacy case against car alarms, with the theft data it cites."
 },
 {
  "title": "walkinginfo.org Accessible Pedestrian Signals guide",
  "url": "https://www.walkinginfo.org/aps/5-4",
  "type": "guide",
  "topic": "signals",
  "why": "Detailed guidance on APS sounds and volumes, with international comparisons."
 },
 {
  "title": "KQED: Why do some crosswalks make a machine gun sound?",
  "url": "https://www.kqed.org/news/11795009/why-do-some-crosswalks-make-a-machine-gun-sound",
  "type": "article",
  "topic": "signals",
  "why": "Plain-language history of the rapid tick and the retired cuckoo and chirp."
 },
 {
  "title": "Federal Register: FMVSS 141 final rule amendments (2018)",
  "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2018-02-26/html/2018-03721.htm",
  "type": "regulation",
  "topic": "signals",
  "why": "The US electric-vehicle sound rule, speeds and phase-in."
 },
 {
  "title": "Siemens Simcenter: AVAS electric vehicle warning sounds",
  "url": "https://blogs.sw.siemens.com/simcenter/avas-electric-vehicle-warning-sounds/",
  "type": "article",
  "topic": "signals",
  "why": "How UN R138 testing works, including the pitch-shift rule."
 },
 {
  "title": "Wikipedia: Train melody",
  "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_melody",
  "type": "reference",
  "topic": "signals",
  "why": "History of Japanese departure melodies and station jingles worldwide."
 },
 {
  "title": "Noise 101 tech brief (CP Tech Center)",
  "url": "https://www.cptechcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Noise_101_tech_brief.pdf",
  "type": "report",
  "topic": "traffic",
  "why": "Plain-language basics of traffic noise, tire-pavement noise, speed and barriers."
 },
 {
  "title": "Quieter Pavement, PI-0362 (Caltrans, 2025)",
  "url": "https://dot.ca.gov/-/media/dot-media/programs/research-innovation-system-information/documents/preliminary-investigations/caltrans-pi-quieter-pavement-a11y.pdf",
  "type": "report",
  "topic": "traffic",
  "why": "A recent review of what quiet pavements achieve and how long it lasts."
 },
 {
  "title": "Report on sound-activated enforcement devices (CHP, 2025)",
  "url": "https://www.chp.ca.gov/siteassets/forms/programs--services/sb-1079-2025-report-on-sound-activated-enforcement-devices.pdf",
  "type": "report",
  "topic": "traffic",
  "why": "The most detailed US evaluation of noise cameras."
 },
 {
  "title": "Noise camera technology roadside trial (GOV.UK)",
  "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/noise-camera-technology-roadside-trial",
  "type": "government page",
  "topic": "traffic",
  "why": "UK trial reports and results."
 },
 {
  "title": "Managing exposure to noise in Europe (EEA)",
  "url": "https://eea.europa.eu/publications/managing-exposure-to-noise-in-europe/noise-in-europe-updated-population-exposure/action-download-pdf",
  "type": "report",
  "topic": "traffic",
  "why": "European population exposure counts by source."
 },
 {
  "title": "Train Horn Rule and Quiet Zones (FRA)",
  "url": "https://railroads.dot.gov/railroad-safety/divisions/crossing-safety-and-trespass-prevention/train-horn-rulequiet-zones",
  "type": "government page",
  "topic": "transit",
  "why": "Official rules on horns and how quiet zones are created."
 },
 {
  "title": "Combating Curve Squeal Phase II (UIC)",
  "url": "https://uic.org/IMG/pdf/uic_soa_combatting_curve_squeal_p2.pdf",
  "type": "report",
  "topic": "transit",
  "why": "Causes of wheel squeal and results of fixes tried across Europe."
 },
 {
  "title": "Why the MBTA's wheels squeal (WBUR)",
  "url": "https://www.wbur.org/news/2017/05/01/mbta-wheel-squeal",
  "type": "article",
  "topic": "transit",
  "why": "The Boylston curve and the MBTA's lubrication efforts."
 }
]